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The exchange rate index was initially calcu-lated as an arithmetic average, with bilat-eral trade weights and base rates equal to the average exchange rates in August 1978. The krone exchange rate depreciated by more than 10% against the euro and US dollar in 2023, followed by broad stability since mid-2023. The exchange-rate movement was correlated with the … Cass Business School and CEPR We investigate the information content of foreign exchange (FX) volume using a rich dataset from the leading FX settlement platform. Consistent with theoretical … Dec 31, 2025 · Norges Bank's exchange rates are middle rates, i.e. the mid-point between buying and selling rates in the interbank market at a given time. Following the initial appreciation, and … Nov 9, 2023 · Market expectations for the interest rate differential against other countries will then increase to about the same extent as expectations for Norwegian interest rates. [10] Norges Bank … Feb 6, 2025 · High volatility increases the cost of currency hedging and reduces investors’ risk-adjusted return. [Chart: The krone exchange rate and altered expectations] Let me conclude.